Catch the beast! 09/19/2010
 
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© neozoon.org
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© neozoon.org
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© neozoon.org
"There! A human! For heaven's sake! Catch the beast! 
— Planet of the Apes, 1968. 
An line that appropriately sums up Neozoon's philosophy. Neozoon is a street art collective based in Paris and Berlin. They seek to heighten our awareness of the way we treat animals, and the relationship we have with animals and birds. Initially the art was flat on the wall, but a recent collection consists of 3-dimensional animals as well.

There is something intriguing and chilling about the imagery created. The Bah Bah Blacksheep slaughterhouse area in Dresden has a line of sheep, each one numbered along the wall. It's an artistic expression that also makes you stop in your tracks and think about what we do to animals. It reflects on our heartlessness towards them as well. Though just silhouettes, each sheep is life-like, lively and original, right from their numbers to their yellow ear tags. A street in Paris has shown fur-coat recycling, a streak of life like creatures racing and leaping around the corner. It makes a strong statement, without destroying the character of the area. Lynxes, from the Urban Art Festival Madrid 2010 is also freakishly real. On the tamer side there is Cats (Urban Art Festival Madrid 2010), which is playful, domestic and harmless. There are lambs gazing at you in Berlin. 

Manteltier in Berlin is one of their 3-dimensional exhibits, and combines and fun and macabre in a surreal way. A kangaroo in Paris might just make you stop while walking by. There is also a bunch of pedigree dogs in Berlin, that you can see on their site, along with magnificent bulls, standing bears, pigs, wolves, foxes and more. A pretty unusual take on street art. All these are created from actual discarded fur coats, which adds to the realism and is truly confrontational for us humans. The location of some of the displays, such as the sheep on one of the oldest slaughterhouses of Paris adds to the meaning. A piece of street art that makes us think about the way we treat animals. The realism of actual fur shaped into life like forms makes the horror of killing animals real.

Do visit their site, for more on the furry friends, and check out their videos. You can read more about them here too. How do they make it? Check out the video here.

By Armeen Kapadia
 
 
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Gapminder is a non-profit organization, that makes the world's statistics and data available in an easy to understand way. Living  up to its name, Gapminder seeks to bridge the divide between statistics, and our understanding of them. Gapminder is the brainchild of Hans Rosling, a global health expert, doctor and professor, who spent many years working in rural Africa. He is also the co-founder of Doctors without Borders, Sweden.

Whats so special about how he represents data? Well, its best to see the TED talks, and play the interactive features on the Gapminders website to get the real picture. But simply put, he has developed a software that makes understanding data much more fun, easy and intuitive. The representations are of statistics drawn from United Nations data. Most often, these are long, boring textual sheets, that make reading difficult. It is also hard for users to compare different regions, against different specific parameters. All these things become laborious processes when confronted with the typical statistical sheets. Gapminder however, allows you to see how numbers rise and fall. You can also compare specific regions or countries, or analyze one particular nation's growth. Its easy to  understand the population of different nations, by their various sizes, and you can also track the speed of growth. 

Visit Gapminder World, and hit the play button to see the amazing change in the world since 1800, across different parameters. This is a great way to learn history, and see the economic and social changes through the years. You can also compare countries on a specific topic, such as the USA of 1930 was similar to the South Korea of 2007 when it came to child mortality. 

In the Downloads section, you can get Gapminder Desktop, an application that allows you to browse statistics without the Internet. There are also pdfs and presentations, if you need to show it to a class. There is Gapminder for teachers, with a whole lot of interesting stuff there, and Gapminder labs, where there are more informative comparisons. Make sure that while browsing Gapminder World, you click the 'How to use' button, as the 2 and a half minute video shows the amazing extent to which you can use the application, and learn a lot about the world's development. Each little bubble is a country, and the size of the bubble shows the population. The bubbles are also colour-coded according to regions. Various buttons allow you toggle between countries, and different parameters. 

As Hans Rosling says, its not lack of data, but misconceptions among people that was the real problem, and this lead him to develop such an application thats links design to data. Design and animated graphics has helped liberate UN data, to make it much more accessible and understandable to many. Most often data is not accessed due to high prices, passwords, or simply because its boring. In TED talks (4 videos) Hans Rosling also mentions the very significant point that the improvement of the world must be highly contextualised. We cannot do it on regional basis, or by providing generic solutions to vast masses of people. It is also dangerous to use average data as there are huge differences within the same country. 

Gapminder is an amazing tool for anyone. The software actually visualizes the data, making it wonderfully easy to digest. It can give you the broad picture, or it can zoom you into small details about one specific query.   Just with a few minutes browsing you can learn a lot about different countries, and how economic and social growth are closely related. The good news is that on April 20, 2010, the World Bank has revealed that it will offer free access to a huge amount of development statistics. The great news is that Gapminder is going to make all that statistic browsing much more interesting, informative and fun.

By Armeen Kapadia
 
 
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http://www.lavoutenubienne.org
Ten years ago in Burkina Faso, a landlocked African county, a small change started in the way people built their homes. Today that provides employment to many and is a growing way of life. It involves the construction of a simple vaulted earth roof, which was the traditional way of building for centuries, till it was replaced by other, less viable materials like tin roofs. 

The Earth Roofs for the Sahel, is a programme that is part of the Association la Voute Nubienne, (AVN) an NGO registered in France and Burkina Faso, in 2000. It promotes the construction of timberless valuted earth brick houses, using a well known technique known as la Voute Nubienne (VN). The VN technique is actually an adaptation of an age old technique of building houses from the Nubian region of Egypt. The country has two seasons, a rainy one for around 4 months, and the rest of the year is the hot season with winds from the Sahara. Traditional building used earth walls, thatched roofs and some timber, but with population growth the use of timber for construction is illegal or too expensive. People often resort to sheet metal or timber beams. These materials drain family resources, sheet metal gets corroded, and they are often imported from outside at high expense. Sheet metal also has poor heat and sound insulation. 

The first prototype of a VN construction in Boromo, Burkina Faso, was built as a challenge by Thomas Granier and Séri Youlou in 1998. Next year, a VN house was built, and the Association la Voute Nubienne was founded in 2000 to promote the VN technique as a solution for affordable, sustainable housing in the Sahel.

The vault roof is built without a timber support. The roof is waterproofed using locally produced plastic sheeting over a smooth coating of mud. This way of building is not only ecologically and economically sound, but also socially viable, and all these three parameters are essential in a country that occupies the sixth to last place on the Human Development Index. Local masons are trained, and they in turn employ apprentices once they become master masons. After some experience, master masons become independent entrepreneurs. The AVN helps them through the process, and helps the entrepreneurs develop a client pool through communication and networking. Till today approximately 235 houses and 20 public buildings (including schools, dispensaries, churches and mosques) have been built. Over 115 masons have been trained and there are currently 170 apprentices.

Houses using the VN technique are more comfortable, healthy and durable. They are also safer, less prone to collapse and better in extremes of climate. They can be easily built with local materials and labour, most houses are built by bartering crops and/or labour. The families cover the housing and material cost, with AVN only covering a margin of labour and training costs. Now AVN has to cover less and less, which is a healthy sign of an active, self-sustaining system. The project is generating income and employment for many, and there have been over 7000 beneficiaries till date. The number of apprentices is increasing, which means more masons to carry out further training in the future. The vaulted roof can be converted to a flat terrace roof and the technique allows for later extension of a building, even adding a second storey onto an existing single storey building.

The simplicity of this technique, (you can read more about it here) and its involvement of the local community are key to its success. It does not require fancy equipment, skill, or technical know-how. While giving people a better way to live, it also provides a means of livelihood, essential in such places. It has led to a major reduction in the use of imported materials, as it uses local materials, earth and water, and deforestation has also reduced. The poorest of families in remote rural areas are also building with this technique. Money saved by building this way is used for health or education. 

This technique thrives because it stays as close to the people it was meant for, as possible. It is an innovation not only in design, but also in system. It traditionally comes from their own culture, it draws on local materials and skill, and creates independent entrepreneurs, reducing dependence on the mother NGO, and outside resources. 

Do have a look at the video below.

By Armeen Kapadia

 
 

Education needs experiments. In India, especially, we need something entirely different. Digital StudyHall (DSH) is on an experimental trail. They describe their approach as an education equivalent of Netflix + YouTube + Kazaa.

Live classes by the best grassroots teachers are recorded on video and then stored on computer discs, which are distributed to rural schools. Education experts are working in tandem with computer scientists to explore pedagogic approaches in the rural context. 

Firstly,
DSH is focusing on creating a video database of everything. (usually in the local language) Going a step ahead, they have structured the sequencing of these videos to fit into the current state board curriculums so that any school can use it. Some of the best teachers have recorded their discourses. What they have done here is go beyond the flash-ware and slide-ware kind of modules. This approach believes that teachers are still a prime agent in the learning environment. Although the output is aligned to the syllabus, the teachers have re-interpreted the syllabus in terms of interactivity.

Secondly, DSH adopts a decentralized network. Although content is produced and disseminated for local use, it is shared with the other towns and cities. The videos are recorded in the contextual learning environment instead of recording it in schools in cities. The relevance of content is key in creating this database.

Thirdly, the school needs a tv, dvd player and an inverter. They know that children can't learn by just watching videos. They have adopted mediation-based pedagogy. It means that there is a mediator, usually a teacher, between the students and the TV. The mediator pauses the video and engages children in activities, games, even a q&a session.

Lastly, the web2.0 application that they have developed doesn't require physcial infrastructure. The computer discs are transported by the postal system.

Digital StudyHall works best in the Indian context. It is striving to break new ground in schools across India.

By
Sanjay Basavaraju

 
 
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MobilEdu on iPhone

MobilEdu is a mobile application that allows students to perform a variety of tasks that is otherwise only accessible through secure networks such as adding and dropping courses, tracking on-campus shuttle bus and reviewing their grades. A nascent stage of MobilEdu called iStanford was launched on October 1, 2008.

The idea of powering campuses with mobile application was an idea of Kayvon Beykpour, a student at Stanford. He co-founded Terriblyclever Design with his boyhood friend Aaron Wasserman without any angel or venture capital funding. It is already profitable. Initially they focussed on managing web presence of brands such as Comcast and Sprint on Facebook. Later on they pitched to several other brands based on the strategy that they were youngsters and that they understood how youngsters used facebook. But their idea of powering the education system with a mobile application MobilEdu seems to me their future. It is a brilliant example of bridging today's education and technology.  The success of iStanford has led Terriblyclever to focus on MobilEdu.

In a Time magazine article, Tom Black, Stanford's registrar says "The key is they're integrating [the iPhone app] with our central system. Usually student apps aren't allowed to go anywhere near that. We're breaking some ground here."

Such a move reflects on the quality and value that iStanford offers to students and faculty members at Stanford. During implementation of such a system, security and privacy of the information was a concern. Apparently these concerns are taken care by the Stanford information systems. Such an application also challenges administrators in higher education to rethink their strategies of sharing information.

Such a system works in Stanford because 2500 of the school's 8000 students have an iPhone; another 1,500 have iPod Touch which can run the app. Many schools have been reaching out for MobilEdu. It is believed that the future of MobilEdu is to connect every campus that is interested in adopting it. With many campuses interconnecting, it can take on Facebook Mobile. As of now Duke University is also powered by MobilEdu. They call it Mobile Web.

It all began with the launch of iStanford and this video (which Steve Jobs liked it). You can download iStanford for free. But we now await the next release, which forays into social networking.

By Sanjay Basavaraju

P.S:  The Terriblyclever website is witty. Love it.

 
 
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M-Pesa affiliate

A banking transaction usually involves filling out forms, waiting in queue, and going from one counter to another. That’s if you are lucky and live in a city. If you are in village, you may live hours, or days away from your nearest bank. M-Pesa is a mobile phone based service that is changing all that by allowing users to perform basic banking transactions without visiting the bank branch.

The facility is offered by Kenyan mobile network operator Safaricom,
 an affiliate of Vodafone. The system works through a network of agents, who operate bank accounts through their handsets. For example, to deposit money in your account, you go to an agent who will use his agent handset to deposit e-money in your account in exchange for cash that you give him. You can send or transfer money to any other mobile phone user, even if they are not a Safaricom subscriber. You can withdraw money with the agent, irrespective of whether you are an M-Pesa registered customer or not. You can withdraw money from any M-PESA agent outlet or participating ATM network. You can also buy Safaricom airtime, and pay bills. Other basic facilities such as checking your balance, changing your PIN or secret word, or selecting a different language are also possible. All these operations are explained here, and its easy to see how simple these operations are to perform, even in remote areas.

‘Pesa’ is Swahili for cash, and M stands for mobile, which explains this service pretty well. It is doing away with the need for a customer to have a bank account, and cross great distances to perform basic transactions. Instead, it is using the medium of the mobile phone, the use of which is widespread and growing rapidly in many developing nations, to move money quickly and securely. The big hurdle of living miles from the bank branch is removed, as agents can operate in every village if needed.


M-Pesa has won global awards for its service.
 Over 5 million customers now subscribe to M-PESA in Kenya. It has been launched in Tanzania and Afghanistan, with plans to expand into India, Egypt and South Africa. The M-Pesa money transfer system marries technology, network, and culture to provide an essential service to millions of people.

By Armeen Kapadia and Sanjay Basavaraju

 
 
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Ory Okolloh's idea: Ushahidi

When there is a crisis, such as an earthquake or riots, a major part of the problem is the lack of valid up-to-date news on the situation. Ushahidi, which means ‘testimony’ in Swahili, is a platform all of us can use, to send information during a crisis. Ushahidi is a free and open source project with developers hailing from Kenya, Ghana, South Africa, Malawi, Netherlands and the USA working on it.

Ushahidi uses the simple technique of ‘crowdsourcing’, which allows large amounts of information sent by SMS, email, or the web to get aggregated and shown on a site, as a map or a timeline. Anyone can download
 the Ushahidi engine and run it on their own servers. This can be effectively used at times of riotsand would be particularly useful in India too, where accurate information is not available when people need it the most. You can see projects that Ushahidi has enabled here.

A Kenyan blogger Ory Okolloh
started Ushahidi as a citizen journalist effort during deadly post-election rioting in Kenya. Since its inception the software has been used in several parts of Africa such as the Congo, South Africa, Malawi, and has been recently used to track the swine flu outbreak and the recent Indian elections as seen on the website. Ushahidi helps get the immediate relief to zones of trouble, especially needed when news agencies are not in the area. A similar open-source software Sahana was used after the Sri Lanka tsunami in December 2004, the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan, the 2006 mudslide in the Philippines, and earthquakes in Peru and China.

Ushahidi uses a free software called Frontline SMS that turns a mobile or laptop into a text broadcasting hub. Once an sms is sent, the message goes to the web administrator’s inbox, who can then reply to verify the message, or send a mass message out to large numbers of people, or post the information onto a Web page with location information from Google Maps (or do all three) as explained here.

 
Ushahidi, as well as Ory’s own site Mzalendo,
 which helps increase transparency of the Kenyan Parliament, are essential to the spread of awareness and awakening of the Kenyan people. Such movements have far reaching impact, and can help many developing nations where technology can be effectively used to give power to the people. Technology can be used to propagate hatred and unrest, or provide much needed information and awakening, which is what these web platforms are enabling. Ushahidi, being an open source engine, can grow and adapt to the web, and to newer technologies and websites.

The founder Ory Okolloh is a native of Kenya with a Havard law degree. From a poor family, she knew what it was not to have enough money. Her parents struggled to put her in a good school, and she missed getting her place in her dream high school due to corruption. Her family didn’t have enough money, or the right last name, or contacts. Her father died of AIDS in 1999, but never told anyone about the disease because of the social ostracism that would come with it.

Today, she feels, Africans need to get better at telling their stories and images of Africa in the press focus on just the negative things.  As she says, it’s not enough for us to criticize; we all need to think about what actions we’re willing to take:
 “My dream is for my daughter to find her future in Africa.”

By Armeen Kapadia and Sanjay Basavaraju

 
Chugging along 05/06/2009
 

There are few Indians who have never traveled by train in their lives. Train journeys form an intrinsic part of any Indian's life. When you were young you visited your grandparents by train, or went to your hometown in the summer vacations by train, you went on school or college trips by train, in the not-so-luxurious second class. Train travel was a way of life by itself. In the last five years things have changed rapidly with the introduction of many private airlines flying the domestic sector, but trains still transport the bulk of the people. And in a country of one billion people, that is definitely a lot of people.

The Indian Rail network, is one of the things the British left behind in India, (as they couldn't possibly pack it and take it back with them) along with the education system and a unique architectural style known as Indo-Saracenic. A plan for a rail network was proposed by the British as early as 1832, and the first passenger train ran between Bombay and Thane in 1853. The Railways were set up by the British primarily to fulfill their economic interests in the sub-continent. A vast rail network would serve them well for transport of goods across the country, and to and from the ports. This purpose the rail network served well, but it also had other far-reaching consequences unforeseen by the British. As people had greater mobility, they traveled freely across the country, and over time this led to the rise of nationalism, and the struggle for Indian Independence. In some ways the railways truly helped in unifying the nation.

The development of railways is also seen as the forerunner of the overall economic development of a country. Karl Marx said,"You cannot maintain a net of railways over an immense country without introducing all those industrial processes necessary to meet the immediate and current wants of railway locomotion, and out of which there must grow the application of machinery to those branches of industry not immediately connected with railways. The railway system will therefore become, in India, truly the forerunner of modern industry." And this it did.

However, Gandhi was concerned about the role of the railways, for though it led to better communication and the rise of nationalism, he felt that the railways were a "burden to the village people", "simply sucking the village and leaving it absolutely dry". He deplored the pathetic conditions under which the poor traveled, as they had to travel in third class which was filthy and over-crowded. He also felt the railways were killing the simple and self-sufficient structure of village India, as well as destroying its gentle pace.

The aspect of 'sucking the village dry', may have arisen from the rivalry between railways and irrigation, as to which was more essential for the progress of a country. Each was offered as a solution against the recurring famines of that time. The two competed for allocation of famine resources, with railways finally winning hands down. The total expenditure on irrigation amounted to Rs 430 million, the amount spent on railways was Rs 3590 million.   

Railways gave a push to British products, facilitating exports, while destroying many local and indigenous industries. Many Indian leaders at that time, and not just the conservatives, were skeptical of the railways, as they did not resolve the weaknesses that were crippling the country. Irrigation was the key to solve many of India's problems, as it still is today. Irrigation canals could serve as transport and support the rail network. By ignoring irrigation, India pays a heavy price for progress till today. The railways have given the country a lot, but the key issues of rural poverty, migration to cities, water shortage, a disabled agricultural economy, and lack of local industry still remain unsolved.

Still, the Indian railways have come a long way, and we cannot deny the amazing network and the scale at which it operates. The Indian Railways is the largest employer in the world, employing more than 1.4 million people. It is the most extensive rail network, with the one of the longest lengths of track. Today you can book your ticket online (yes its working well, though there is a lot of potential to improve the navigation, interface and overall look), and this has made the life of passengers much easier, as you don't have to wait in meandering queues, or depend on travel agents.

Though many Indians, who can afford to, are traveling by flight now, it is a different experience to travel by train in India. Though the logo of the Indian Railways borders on boring and outdated, the train journey will be anything but that. Trains tell the story of a country, and like India, a journey by train makes sure all your senses are alive and over-active. It may be hot and smelly, there may be a loud and talkative family playing card games and stuffing you with snacks all around you, there may be children begging to shine your shoes for a few rupees, there may be a man selling cold drinks crying "Trinks! thanda Trinks!", when you look out of the window, there will be a view that just takes your breath away.

By Armeen Kapadia and Sanjay Basavaraju